基底滑脱层分布对褶皱冲断带变形影响的物理模拟研究：以塔西南西昆仑山前褶皱冲断带为例     

谢会文  王春阳  王智斌  程晓敢  杜志利  师骏  陈汉林  李康 《高校地质学报》2012,18(4):701

针对塔西南西昆仑山前基底寒武系膏盐层的分布情况, 采用物理模拟研究方法,设计了研究基底滑脱层的分布对褶皱
冲断带影响的两组实验。实验结果表明：基底滑脱层的分布对构造变形样式的发育及变形前锋的传播有重要的控制作用。
具体表现为在基底寒武系膏盐层分布靠近山前的苏盖特地区变形整体表现为滑脱式的宽缓箱状褶皱的发育;寒武系膏盐层
分布较远离山前的柯东地区在缺失寒武系膏盐层的山前地区,表现为叠瓦状逆冲断层的发育,形成断层相关的紧闭褶皱,
往北有寒武系膏盐层发育的固满地区才发育较大型的箱状背斜。实验过程中苏盖特地区的变形前锋往前陆方向传播得更快
更远,而柯东地区变形前锋往前陆方向传播得较慢较近,从而在变形过程中二者的变形前锋容易出现一个“Z”字形转折。  相似文献   

Determining the active region model parameter from dye staining experiments for characterizing the preferential flow heterogeneity in unsaturated soils     

Feng Sheng  Huihai Liu  Renduo Zhang  Kang Wang 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2012,65(7):1977-1985

The active region model (ARM) has been developed as a practical and effective approach for characterizing and representing preferential flow patterns in unsaturated soils. However, studies on methods to determine the ARM parameter (γ) are very limited. The major objective of this work was to refine the methods for determining the ARM parameter (γ) using the data from field-scale dye staining experiments. For this purpose, 13 field-scale dye staining experiments were conducted in silty clay, loam and sand with various initial and boundary conditions. The distributions of soil water content and fraction of stained region were measured to determine the ARM parameter (γ). Three determination methods of ARM parameter (γ) were presented according to the different distribution patterns of the soil water content of stained region. The efficiency of these approaches was demonstrated with the results from 13 field-scale dye staining tests that were directly related to preferential flow patterns. Impacts of soil texture on soil water redistribution, and effects of initial soil water content and infiltration amount on the preferential flow heterogeneity were also discussed in this research.  相似文献   

Sequential extraction and leaching characteristics of heavy metals in abandoned tungsten mine tailings sediments   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Pyeong-Koo Lee  Min-Ju Kang  Ho Young Jo  Sang-Hoon Choi 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2012,66(7):1909-1923

The chemical speciation of potentially toxic elements (As, Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn) in the contaminated soils and sulfides-rich tailings sediments of an abandoned tungsten mine in Korea was evaluated by conducting modified BCR sequential extraction tests. Kinetic and static batch leaching tests were also conducted to evaluate the potential release of As and other heavy metals by acidic rain water and the leaching behaviors of these heavy metals. The major sources of the elements were As-, Zn- and Pb-bearing sulfides, Pb carbonates (i.e., cerussite), and Pb sulfates (i.e., anglesite). The biggest pollutant fraction in these soil and tailing samples consists of metals bound to the oxidizable host phase, which can be released into the environment if conditions become oxidative, and/or to residual fractions. No significant difference in total element concentrations was observed between the tailings sediments and contaminated soils. For both sample types, almost no changes occurred in the mobility of As and the other heavy metals at 7 days, but the mobility increased afterwards until the end of the tests at 30 days, regardless of the initial pH. However, the mobility was approximately 5–10 times higher at initial pH 1.0 than at initial pHs of 3.0 and 5.0. The leached amounts of all the heavy metal contents were higher from tailings sediments than from contaminated soils at pH > 3.0, but were lower at pH < 3.0 except for As. Results of this study suggest that further dissolution of heavy metals from soil and tailing samples may occur during extended rainfall, resulting in a serious threat to surface and groundwater in the mine area.  相似文献   

Comparative studies of glacier mass balance and their climatic implications in Svalbard, Northern Scandinavia, and Southern Norway     

Mingxing Xu  Ming Yan  Jiancheng Kang  Jiawen Ren 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2012,67(5):1407-1414

On the basis of the data of glacier mass balance during 1946?C2005 over Svalbard, Northern Scandinavia, and Southern Norway, the characteristics of glacier mass-balance are analyzed, and its sensitivity to climate change is calculated using a simple degree-day model. The mass balance of glaciers in these three regions reached maximum or comparatively high values in the late 1980s or the early 1990s. After that there was an accelerating negative tendency. A glacier with more positive mass balance has a higher sensitivity to equilibrium-line altitude (or climate) change and vice versa. On average, the mass loss during the entire period in these three regions was equivalent to the result of an air temperature rise of 0.32°C relative to zero net balance state. The highest temperature increase is found in Svalbard, and is 0.55°C; however, a rise of only 0.12°C is found in Southern Norway. The net balance sensitivity to a hypothetical air temperature increase of +1°C ranges from ?0.31 to ?1.03?m?w.e.?a^?1, and the net balance sensitivity to an assumed increase in snow precipitation of +10% varies from +0.05 to +0.37?m?w.e.?a^?1; thus, a 31% increase in snow precipitation is needed to compensate for the net mass loss induced by an air temperature increase of +1°C. The summer balance sensitivity to a hypothetical air temperature increase of +1°C varies from ?0.39 to ?0.95?m?w.e.?a^?1, and the winter balance sensitivity to an assumed increase in snow precipitation of +10% ranges from +0.02 to +0.38?m?w.e.?a^?1. This study confirms early findings that maritime glaciers have comparatively higher mass balance sensitivity than continental glaciers.  相似文献   

我国海岛县旅游竞争力综合评价研究          下载免费PDF全文

谢聪颖  胡卫伟  黄康 《海洋开发与管理》2023,40(12):78-86

为科学评价我国海岛县旅游发展状况以及助力海岛高质量发展，文章构建海岛县旅游竞争力评价指标体系，并利用随机森林算法和熵值法对全国海岛县的旅游竞争力进行测算，发现旅游总收入、全年旅游人数、人均GDP、一般公共预算支出以及客运周转量5项指标对海岛县旅游竞争力产生主要影响；深入分析我国海岛县旅游竞争力差异的形成机理，利用反距离权重插值法估计海岛县周边海岛的旅游竞争力，并对提高海岛县旅游竞争力提出建议。  相似文献   

Estimation of seasonal crop water consumption in a vineyard using Bowen ratio‐energy balance method     

B. Z. Zhang  S. Z. Kang  L. Zhang  T. S. Du  S. E Li  X. Y. Yang 《水文研究》2007,21(26):3635-3641

Information about seasonal crop water consumption is useful to develop the appropriate irrigation scheme. Measurements of energy balance components using the Bowen ratio method were made for a complete growing season at a vineyard in the arid region of northwest China. Vine in the experiment was furrow‐irrigated using a trellis system. The measured evapotranspiration was compared with estimates using the soil water balance method. It is shown that the Bowen ratio method provided accurate estimates of evapotranspiration from the vineyard and this requires that the Bowen ratio system is appropriately installed. The energy balance components showed typical diurnal pattern with peaks that occurred around the midday, except for the ground heat flux which delayed its peak by 2–3 h. The sensible heat flux was greater than the latent heat flux and followed the net radiation closely. The ratio of the latent heat flux to net radiation was low in the early growing season and increased over time. Under the limited irrigation experienced in the vineyard, the latent heat flux was controlled by available soil moisture and the total evapotranspiration in the growing season was 253 mm. The seasonal progression of the crop coefficient is similar to that reported in the literature, with the maximum occurring during the month of September. The crop coefficient can be estimated as a non‐linear function of day of year (DOY) and used to estimate evapotranspiration from vineyards in the region. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

长江经济带城市群要素集聚能力差异的比较研究   总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1  

郭庆宾  骆康  刘承良 《地理科学进展》2020,39(4):542-552

城市群作为当前区域发展的主要空间载体,在区域发展竞争中扮演着越来越重要的角色。论文结合互联网大数据抓取等手段,以长江经济带5个城市群为研究对象,对城市群间要素集聚能力差异进行比较研究,发现：① 长江经济带城市群间要素集聚能力差异与长江经济带社会经济发展的区域差异相吻合,城市群要素集聚格局呈现出由东向西梯度衰减的分布特征;② 城际层面要素集聚能力差异的两极分化现象显著,以城市群首位城市为中心的要素集聚“核心—边缘”空间结构特征较为鲜明;③ 长江经济带城市群内科技创新、对外开放、金融等要素的集聚格局具有明显的差异分化和集聚分布指向特征;④ 长江经济带城市(群)要素集聚能力等级规模结构分布总体符合位序-规模法则,可分为“均衡型”和“离散型”2种类型,首位城市要素集聚首位度随城市群要素集聚能力高低呈现出“两端高、中间低”的特征。  相似文献   

ESTIMATE OF METHANE EMISSIONS FROM RICE FIELDS IN CHINA BY CLIMATE-BASED NET PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY     

KANG Guo-ding    CAI Zu-cong  ZHANG Zi-heng    XIAO Peng-feng 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2004,14(4):326-331

1INTRODUCTIONIrrigated ricefieldsarecharacterizedbylargespatialandtemporalvariationsin CH4 emissiontotheatmo-sphere.Accordingly,thereisagreatuncertaintyintheestimate ofCH4 emissionsfromricefields.GreateffortshavebeenmadetoestimatetheCH4 emissionsfromricefieldsandseveralapproacheshavebeendeveloped.TherepresentativemethodsincludetheIPCC(Inter-governmentPanelofClimateChange)region-specificemissionfactormethodandthemodelcalculationmethod.Toimprovethecalculationaccuracy,theIPCCmethodreq…  相似文献   

Review of recent findings on the water masses and circulation in the East Sea (Sea of Japan)   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Kuh Kim  Kyung-Il Chang  Dong-Jin Kang  Young Ho Kim  Jae-Hak Lee 《Journal of Oceanography》2008,64(5):721-735

Recent findings on water masses, biogeochemical tracers, deep currents and basin-scale circulation in the East/Japan Sea, and numerical modeling of its circulation are reviewed. Warming continues up to 2007 despite an episode of bottom water formation in the winter of 2000–2001. Water masses have definitely changed since the 1970s and further changes are expected due to the continuation of warming. Accumulation of current data in deep waters of the East/Japan Sea reveals that the circulation in the East/Japan Sea is primarily cyclonic with sub-basin scale cyclonic and anticyclonic cells in the Ulleung Basin (Tsushima Basin). Our understanding of the circulation of intermediate water masses has been deepened through high-resolution numerical studies, and the implementation of data assimilation has had initial success. However, the East/Japan Sea is unique in terms of the fine vertical structures of physical and biogeochemical properties of cold water mass measured at the highest precision and their rapid change with the global warming, so that full understanding of the structures and their change requires in-depth process studies with continuous monitoring programs.  相似文献   

Effects of frictional forces acting on sidewalls of buried box culverts     

Junsuk Kang  Frazier Parker  Young J. Kang  Chai H. Yoo 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2008,32(3):289-306

The effects of frictional forces acting on the sidewalls of buried box culverts are presented as determined with finite element method (FEM) and detailed soil modelling. The possibility of reducing earth pressure on deeply buried concrete box culverts by the imperfect trench installation (ITI) method has been contemplated during the last several decades. There have been limited research results published primarily regarding the qualitative aspect of load reduction in ITIs. It was found during the course of this study that significant frictional forces develop along the sidewalls of box culverts and adjacent sidefills in ITIs. Current American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials provisions do not consider these frictional forces, but they cannot be neglected in ITIs, as their effect is dominant. An optimum geometry for the soft zone in ITIs is presented to maximize earth load reductions. The soil–structure interaction at the box culvert–soil interface was found to have a significant effect on total earth pressure acting on the bottom slab. Predictor equations for earth load reduction rates were formulated for ITIs incorporating the optimum soft zone geometry based on the FEM. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献